All analyses of the Hekla 3 Tephra

This search has found 178 analyses

The results of your search are shown on this page, which is divided into three sections. The first contains geochemical data in the form of electron probe microanalyses of the the tephra layer you have chosen, which can be downloaded. Most of these analyses will be of glass shards. The second section gives information about the instrument conditions and the third details about the sources of the data and the date and time of your search. You should always refer to the original sources to get the full context of the data presented here.

FeO: total iron is represented as FeO
*original totals for normalised data (where applicable)

Site Phase SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeOMnOMgO CaO Na2O K2OP2O5ClFSO2Total EP Ref
Audkula (Iceland)glass72.930.1814.082.970.090.141.964.652.5899.582969
Audkula (Iceland)glass72.540.1513.973.170.050.142.094.512.4399.052969
Audkula (Iceland)glass72.300.1313.932.910.050.142.164.622.5798.802969
Audkula (Iceland)glass72.200.2213.733.030.090.132.004.662.4498.492969
Audkula (Iceland)glass72.100.1813.933.010.090.122.014.672.4298.532969
Audkula (Iceland)glass71.630.1813.802.990.080.122.024.652.4897.962969
Audkula (Iceland)glass71.360.1813.803.020.150.122.064.372.3797.422969
Audkula (Iceland)glass70.700.1913.643.040.070.151.954.182.5896.502969
Audkula (Iceland)glass70.120.2314.043.110.130.111.944.612.4896.772969
Audkula (Iceland)glass69.880.1914.243.010.070.121.954.592.2896.332969
Audkula (Iceland)glass68.110.4014.475.140.100.343.274.322.1598.302969
Audkula (Iceland)glass65.220.4314.816.660.130.583.574.531.8397.772969
Audkula (Iceland)glass64.710.5014.525.910.190.423.324.452.1796.212969
Audkula (Iceland)glass64.450.6015.197.230.230.793.803.921.9298.122969
Audkula (Iceland)glass64.170.6314.887.530.270.853.894.421.8898.512969
Audkula (Iceland)glass63.850.4914.485.860.210.493.714.561.9095.542969
Audkula (Iceland)glass63.460.5615.036.370.180.613.764.521.8496.342969
Audkula (Iceland)glass63.160.6816.835.820.150.654.915.341.3398.872969
Audkula (Iceland)glass60.830.7416.867.160.240.785.225.131.3798.322969
Brúnavatn (Faroe Islands)glass75.820.0713.101.760.110.031.524.682.800.0199.89352843
Brúnavatn (Faroe Islands)glass73.660.1714.482.960.050.152.174.582.460.00100.68352843
Brúnavatn (Faroe Islands)glass67.600.4815.415.670.160.453.744.441.930.0199.90352843
Brúnavatn (Faroe Islands)glass67.540.4615.515.780.150.483.754.412.020.04100.13352843
Brúnavatn (Faroe Islands)glass66.920.4915.595.860.140.503.864.592.070.17100.18352843
Brúnavatn (Faroe Islands)glass66.730.3615.005.710.100.373.584.652.020.0998.60352843
Brúnavatn (Faroe Islands)glass63.340.6415.228.850.310.564.944.461.830.19100.33352843
Degerö Stormyr (Sweden)glass74.590.0912.771.940.080.021.334.463.000.0298.30164505
Degerö Stormyr (Sweden)glass74.550.2212.941.150.050.331.383.382.980.0497.00164505
Degerö Stormyr (Sweden)glass73.690.0912.511.780.080.021.403.802.990.0396.39164505
Degerö Stormyr (Sweden)glass73.620.1814.183.160.090.132.034.012.620.04100.06164505
Degerö Stormyr (Sweden)glass73.430.0912.431.920.080.001.374.572.910.0196.80164505
Degerö Stormyr (Sweden)glass72.840.1813.832.960.100.122.005.002.520.0299.56164505
Degerö Stormyr (Sweden)glass72.770.1913.923.100.100.111.904.842.520.0299.48164505
Degerö Stormyr (Sweden)glass72.670.1813.983.020.100.142.145.042.540.0399.85164505
Degerö Stormyr (Sweden)glass72.460.1813.722.910.100.092.064.702.450.0298.69164505
Degerö Stormyr (Sweden)glass72.170.1813.453.200.110.122.044.802.560.0398.65164505
Degerö Stormyr (Sweden)glass72.150.1814.162.790.100.152.005.002.650.0499.22164505
Degerö Stormyr (Sweden)glass71.940.1813.472.800.090.111.974.522.610.0397.72164505
Degerö Stormyr (Sweden)glass71.610.8712.153.830.120.752.953.872.420.2198.80164505
Degerö Stormyr (Sweden)glass71.130.1813.633.010.100.092.013.772.630.0396.57164505
Degerö Stormyr (Sweden)glass70.660.2313.963.510.120.132.384.802.430.0498.27164505
Degerö Stormyr (Sweden)glass69.960.1413.272.710.090.101.994.022.630.0594.96164505
Degerö Stormyr (Sweden)glass69.480.3513.004.770.220.080.506.704.930.04100.06164505
Degerö Stormyr (Sweden)glass69.320.2314.013.650.140.132.374.742.460.0597.11164505
Degerö Stormyr (Sweden)glass68.590.3512.544.840.210.090.516.494.550.0398.20164505
Degerö Stormyr (Sweden)glass68.420.3714.925.340.170.373.184.422.150.1099.45164505
Degerö Stormyr (Sweden)glass67.130.4214.285.650.190.453.315.092.090.1198.72164505
Helluvaðstjörn (Iceland)glass70.630.1913.932.950.120.131.914.452.560.0496.9072136
Helluvaðstjörn (Iceland)glass70.470.2013.863.100.090.141.964.342.540.0696.7672136
Helluvaðstjörn (Iceland)glass70.350.2214.002.910.120.131.934.462.560.0296.6872136
Helluvaðstjörn (Iceland)glass70.060.2113.763.080.110.131.914.972.640.0296.8972136
Helluvaðstjörn (Iceland)glass69.760.1813.492.970.140.131.944.502.540.0295.6572136
Helluvaðstjörn (Iceland)glass69.570.2113.603.010.150.162.015.082.37-0.0196.1572136
Helluvaðstjörn (Iceland)glass69.450.1813.862.850.160.142.014.772.390.0495.8572136
Helluvaðstjörn (Iceland)glass68.840.1913.802.870.110.101.894.842.380.0295.0572136
Helluvaðstjörn (Iceland)glass68.610.2614.073.500.180.132.304.612.330.0396.0272136
Helluvaðstjörn (Iceland)glass65.600.3514.394.830.200.303.054.842.080.0795.7072136
Helluvaðstjörn (Iceland)glass64.870.4614.855.920.200.513.354.301.840.1396.4372136
Jardelunder Moor (Germany)glass73.920.2514.442.740.200.121.994.162.180.000.090.000.2198.07251624
Jardelunder Moor (Germany)glass73.780.3214.002.950.090.062.004.312.490.000.110.000.0096.47251624
Jardelunder Moor (Germany)glass73.690.3614.342.760.000.101.934.032.790.000.000.000.0097.33251624
Jardelunder Moor (Germany)glass73.000.0714.323.320.080.162.154.332.570.000.100.000.0297.59251624
Jardelunder Moor (Germany)glass72.070.3914.333.780.080.212.714.182.260.000.090.000.0096.50251624
Jardelunder Moor (Germany)glass71.960.3614.883.820.000.152.384.132.310.000.040.000.1495.62251624
Jardelunder Moor (Germany)glass69.790.4015.084.860.080.293.114.202.200.000.120.000.0095.78251624
Jardelunder Moor (Germany)glass69.480.2515.515.070.120.342.993.932.300.000.090.000.1095.93251624
Jardelunder Moor (Germany)glass68.780.0415.655.320.230.313.264.142.270.010.010.000.0096.07251624
Jardelunder Moor (Germany)glass68.650.3915.035.660.290.283.394.162.150.000.110.000.0096.05251624
Klocka Bog (Sweden)glass71.850.2414.212.890.090.152.013.792.4697.6921794
Klocka Bog (Sweden)glass71.580.1714.013.160.080.131.854.292.5897.8521794
Klocka Bog (Sweden)glass70.840.2114.033.090.120.141.944.082.5196.9621794
Klocka Bog (Sweden)glass69.930.2213.972.980.090.161.813.902.3795.4321794
Klocka Bog (Sweden)glass69.900.3014.433.780.080.162.443.762.4597.3021794
Klocka Bog (Sweden)glass68.000.3514.535.290.160.353.043.522.0797.3121794
Klocka Bog (Sweden)glass67.590.3914.705.500.190.393.143.882.2097.9821794
Klocka Bog (Sweden)glass67.010.4514.885.570.150.373.213.842.1897.6621794
Klocka Bog (Sweden)glass66.850.4014.765.240.150.333.103.522.0196.3621794
Kortlandamossen (Sweden)glass72.720.2213.782.980.090.112.073.882.5898.4321680
Kortlandamossen (Sweden)glass72.560.2713.972.980.060.121.904.022.5598.4121680
Kortlandamossen (Sweden)glass71.860.2113.912.990.100.132.024.182.5497.9321680
Kortlandamossen (Sweden)glass71.770.2114.213.030.070.161.963.071.9296.4021680
Kortlandamossen (Sweden)glass71.390.1813.862.910.100.101.943.892.4996.8521680
Kortlandamossen (Sweden)glass70.390.1413.752.950.070.112.033.802.6595.9021680
Lake Furskogstjärnet (Sweden)glass66.420.6114.615.820.360.593.394.111.9597.8621598
Lake Furskogstjärnet (Sweden)glass66.340.3614.426.390.170.593.364.181.8897.6921598
Lake Furskogstjärnet (Sweden)glass66.170.3914.565.750.180.563.264.231.9597.0521598
Lake Furskogstjärnet (Sweden)glass66.110.4314.645.660.190.563.513.951.9697.0121598
Lake Furskogstjärnet (Sweden)glass66.080.3614.735.510.240.603.544.332.0297.4121598
Lake Furskogstjärnet (Sweden)glass66.030.3314.725.390.150.613.114.271.8996.5021598
Lake Furskogstjärnet (Sweden)glass65.940.4414.785.920.130.643.314.071.9797.2021598
Lake Furskogstjärnet (Sweden)glass65.860.3514.435.660.160.573.264.492.1296.9021598
Lake Furskogstjärnet (Sweden)glass65.750.4314.645.710.180.593.614.152.0897.1421598
Mosstakanmossen (Sweden)glass73.510.2312.873.420.100.181.554.022.7098.5821680
Mosstakanmossen (Sweden)glass71.890.2113.972.980.150.131.944.222.6198.1021680
Mosstakanmossen (Sweden)glass71.730.1913.843.040.160.162.134.202.4197.8521680
Mosstakanmossen (Sweden)glass71.500.2313.893.090.120.152.043.902.4297.3521680
Mosstakanmossen (Sweden)glass71.090.1614.073.000.160.122.154.332.3997.4821680
Mosstakanmossen (Sweden)glass70.790.2613.842.790.160.161.984.092.4596.5321680
Mosstakanmossen (Sweden)glass70.520.1913.042.970.150.151.953.792.3695.1221680
Mosstakanmossen (Sweden)glass67.580.3914.905.310.260.483.073.982.1298.0921680
Mosstakanmossen (Sweden)glass67.230.3814.784.980.200.322.984.102.1397.1121680
Mosstakanmossen (Sweden)glass66.250.3914.265.320.170.353.053.952.0195.7421680
Orrastaðir (Iceland)glass73.380.1414.073.130.100.162.014.262.6899.932969
Orrastaðir (Iceland)glass73.250.1514.213.080.070.112.104.142.7099.822969
Orrastaðir (Iceland)glass72.950.2014.083.230.120.202.084.392.6199.882969
Orrastaðir (Iceland)glass71.920.1914.233.050.150.142.124.302.8298.922969
Orrastaðir (Iceland)glass71.610.1814.073.080.080.142.024.412.6698.252969
Orrastaðir (Iceland)glass71.550.2013.934.610.100.232.213.892.6299.342969
Orrastaðir (Iceland)glass71.440.1214.082.910.140.141.964.502.4997.782969
Orrastaðir (Iceland)glass71.410.1613.852.850.120.142.024.392.8297.762969
Orrastaðir (Iceland)glass70.920.1813.793.030.090.162.014.232.3896.812969
Orrastaðir (Iceland)glass69.770.1513.963.090.060.081.863.922.6695.562969
Orrastaðir (Iceland)glass68.030.5414.835.680.160.433.654.631.7199.672969
Orrastaðir (Iceland)glass67.710.3714.585.400.180.413.514.072.2998.532969
Orrastaðir (Iceland)glass67.140.4714.965.860.160.473.464.241.8498.632969
Orrastaðir (Iceland)glass66.990.3514.775.810.220.443.184.272.1798.202969
Orrastaðir (Iceland)glass66.820.5114.946.580.190.603.733.891.9199.172969
Orrastaðir (Iceland)glass66.500.5615.016.750.220.663.814.242.1499.902969
Orrastaðir (Iceland)glass66.220.4214.676.110.170.553.814.021.9197.882969
Orrastaðir (Iceland)glass65.990.4914.966.320.190.603.744.542.0298.872969
Orrastaðir (Iceland)glass65.970.6815.446.830.160.623.843.911.9199.352969
Orrastaðir (Iceland)glass65.610.4614.946.190.190.473.464.332.0997.742969
Orrastaðir (Iceland)glass65.010.6214.987.220.140.674.034.211.8998.782969
Orrastaðir (Iceland)glass64.380.5014.716.230.180.633.484.201.8796.202969
Orrastaðir (Iceland)glass64.380.4714.866.570.250.633.634.282.0797.132969
Orrastaðir (Iceland)glass63.930.6515.166.640.170.734.104.081.8897.342969
Orrastaðir (Iceland)glass63.600.6715.097.940.270.934.264.151.7998.722969
Orrastaðir (Iceland)glass63.350.7615.157.970.230.984.554.141.8098.932969
Orrastaðir (Iceland)glass63.090.8915.228.360.191.054.653.931.7699.152969
Orrastaðir (Iceland)glass63.070.6315.297.620.230.864.524.031.9998.242969
Orrastaðir (Iceland)glass62.840.7414.897.640.210.864.284.021.7697.252969
Orrastaðir (Iceland)glass56.821.8913.2810.990.232.566.243.761.5197.282969
Orrastaðir (Iceland)glass56.181.2316.818.680.242.627.224.881.8199.672969
Slettadalur (Iceland)glass70.550.2014.063.110.160.122.034.172.5396.922969
Slettadalur (Iceland)glass69.890.1713.903.080.110.192.054.092.6096.082969
Slettadalur (Iceland)glass64.140.6214.656.600.200.643.674.471.7996.782969
Slettadalur (Iceland)glass63.820.6014.726.250.250.603.524.191.8095.772969
Slettadalur (Iceland)glass63.100.7514.897.940.240.994.404.851.4998.652969
Slettadalur (Iceland)glass62.030.7614.998.210.250.964.194.481.7597.622969
Slettadalur (Iceland)glass61.910.7014.927.510.230.814.024.301.8396.242969
Slettadalur (Iceland)glass61.780.6814.438.080.230.924.234.241.6996.282969
Slettadalur (Iceland)glass61.100.8514.968.580.191.114.474.291.6897.232969
Slettadalur (Iceland)glass61.090.8014.777.800.200.984.243.951.7195.532969
Solheimahals (Iceland)glass72.390.2313.623.090.130.132.144.262.6598.662969
Solheimahals (Iceland)glass72.350.1913.882.960.070.132.124.222.3598.282969
Solheimahals (Iceland)glass68.630.4414.705.140.170.343.144.282.0798.912969
Solheimahals (Iceland)glass68.110.3414.565.310.170.333.094.092.2098.202969
Solheimahals (Iceland)glass67.080.4514.695.650.160.423.354.222.0998.112969
Solheimahals (Iceland)glass66.900.3814.274.820.170.352.843.802.0095.552969
Solheimahals (Iceland)glass66.760.5814.956.250.120.583.604.082.0098.912969
Solheimahals (Iceland)glass65.380.6614.666.850.180.583.343.811.8897.352969
Solheimahals (Iceland)glass65.220.6714.917.610.240.724.024.231.7599.372969
Solheimahals (Iceland)glass64.590.6614.667.740.250.703.963.771.8298.162969
Solheimahals (Iceland)glass64.280.5514.406.400.210.583.793.891.7795.872969
Solheimahals (Iceland)glass63.790.7614.817.070.200.744.073.751.7296.912969
Solheimahals (Iceland)glass63.740.6314.957.020.200.773.993.841.7096.842969
Solheimahals (Iceland)glass63.580.8115.067.530.200.834.264.271.3997.942969
Solheimahals (Iceland)glass62.050.7614.367.780.210.814.473.491.6995.622969
Tungunesmuli (Iceland)glass69.020.4114.845.200.240.383.224.781.92100.002969
Tungunesmuli (Iceland)glass68.200.4514.455.450.210.403.314.702.2099.372969
Tungunesmuli (Iceland)glass68.020.4114.695.320.200.433.374.492.0098.932969
Tungunesmuli (Iceland)glass66.240.5915.176.480.270.603.534.542.0199.442969
Tungunesmuli (Iceland)glass66.240.6015.116.530.190.713.614.712.0099.692969
Tungunesmuli (Iceland)glass65.610.6614.817.000.220.723.754.441.9399.132969
Tungunesmuli (Iceland)glass65.300.6214.766.760.230.623.584.191.7397.802969
Tungunesmuli (Iceland)glass65.070.6114.636.390.240.713.594.321.9197.462969
Tungunesmuli (Iceland)glass63.820.6214.716.800.200.683.764.241.8796.712969
Tungunesmuli (Iceland)glass63.720.6614.847.350.290.944.094.411.8298.122969
Ulvåmossen (Sweden)glass72.860.2113.532.750.130.052.113.742.5297.9121680
Ulvåmossen (Sweden)glass72.660.2014.153.020.090.111.904.032.6398.8021680
Ulvåmossen (Sweden)glass72.340.2414.162.890.060.131.914.112.6098.4421680
Ulvåmossen (Sweden)glass72.020.2013.962.840.120.182.073.912.6397.9421680
Ulvåmossen (Sweden)glass71.740.1514.133.050.130.132.034.422.4598.2321680
Ulvåmossen (Sweden)glass71.510.2213.973.010.080.092.054.172.3897.4821680
Ulvåmossen (Sweden)glass71.170.2213.653.120.040.111.913.932.6396.7721680
Ulvåmossen (Sweden)glass71.160.2113.973.150.090.101.974.372.4997.5121680
Ulvåmossen (Sweden)glass71.020.2113.762.730.070.131.943.932.6196.4021680
Ulvåmossen (Sweden)glass70.270.2213.642.810.070.081.863.842.3795.1721680

Instrument Conditions

These analyses were carried out under the following electron microprobe conditions.

Please refer to papers for full details of the instrument conditions, standards etc used to create these analyses
EP Instrument Beam current (nA) Beam voltage (kV) Correction Beam Sample Comments
2 Cambridge Instruments Microscan V (University of Edinburgh) 15 20 ZAF Thin section mounted in araldite then ground and polished
7 Camca SX100 (University of Edinburgh) 4 20 PAP Thin section mounted in araldite then ground and polished
16 Camca SX100 (University of Edinburgh) 2 15 PAP Thin section mounted in araldite then ground and polished
25 Cameca SX-50 (GEOMAR, Kiel) 6 15
35 ARL-SEMQ microprobe(Geological Institute, University of Bergen) 10 15 Polished thin sections

References

The data on this page is from the following source(s). If you use this data please acknowledge the source of the data. he number preceeding each reference matches the Ref number on the data table above.

1794 - Bergman, J., Wastegard, S., Hammarlund, D., Wohlifarth, B. and Roberts, S.J. (2004) Holocene tephra horizons at Klocka Bog, west-central Sweden: aspects of reproducibility in subarctic peat deposits. Journal of Quaternary Science  19, 241-249..

1680 - Boygle, J. (2004) Towards a Holocene tephrochronology for Sweden: geochemistry and correlation with the North Atlantic tephra stratigraphy. Journal of Quaternary Science  19, 103-109..

969 - Boygle, J.E. (1994) Tephra in lake sediments: An unambiguous geochronological marker?  PhD. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,

2136 - Lawson, I.T., Gathorne-Hardy, F.J., Church, M.J., Newton, A.J., Edwards, K.J., Dugmore, A.J. and Einarsson, A. (2007) Environmental impacts of the Norse settlement: palaeoenvironmental data from Myvatnssveit, northern Iceland. Boreas  36, 1-19.

2843 - Olsen, J, Bjorck, S, Leng, MJ, Gudmundsdottir, ER, Odgaard, BV, Lutz, CM, Kendrick, CP, Andersen, TJ and Seidenkrantz, MS (2010) Lacustrine evidence of Holocene environmental change from three Faroese lakes: a multiproxy XRF and stable isotope study. Quaternary Science Reviews  29, ,2764-2780.

4505 - Watson, E.J., Swindles, G.T., Lawson, I.T. and Savov, I.P. (2016) Do peatlands or lakes provide the most comprehensive distal tephra records?. Quaternary Science Reviews  139, 110-128.

1598 - Zillen, L.M., Wastegard, S. and Snowball, I.F. (2002) Calendar year ages of three mid-Holocene tephra layers identified in varved lake sediments in west central Sweden. Quaternary Science Reviews  21, 1583-1591..

1624 - van den Bogaard, C. and Schminke, H.U. (2002) Linking the North Atlantic to central Europe: a high-resolution Holocene tephrochronological record from northern Germany. Journal of Quaternary Science  17, 3-20..

Data Sources

All of the data contained in this database is either published or donated. When using the data, acknowledgement must be made of the original source of the data and that the data was obtained from Tephrabase. See Copyright information.

This Tephrabase search was made on 5/7/2025 at 07:24:46 local time, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.